Tag: structural-adjustment

The War Built the Border: Sudan’s Partition Before the Ceasefire

The War Built the Border: Sudan’s Partition Before the Ceasefire This essay argues that Sudan’s threatened partition didn’t begin with Washington’s latest ceasefire proposal. It traces the crisis through British colonial extraction, unequal development, Western creditor power, military accumulation, and the unfinished struggle opened by the December Revolution. As SAF and RSF turned on each other, war hardened front lines into rival economies, institutions, and systems of rule. The ceasefire therefore confronts a division already being built rather than creating it from nothing. Beneath the armies and foreign diplomacy, Sudanese civilian networks continue defending another basis for sovereignty rooted in the people who keep the country alive.

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The Debtor Became the Banker: How America Learned to Rule the World by Owing It Money

Michael Hudson's "Super Imperialism" reveals capitalism's peculiar twist: the U.S. transitioned from a great creditor to a dominant debtor, utilizing its debts as leverage in a world where power dynamics are shifting. Post-World War I, American financial institutions crafted a system that exploited other nations through debt, claiming to promote development while actually enforcing dependency. The contradiction lies in the U.S. controlling the world's currency even as its productive supremacy fades. As the global landscape evolves, the implications of dollar dominance become increasingly tenuous, demanding us to confront a crucial question—who ultimately commands the productive forces that money can influence but not generate?

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The Empire Still Holds the Gates: Multipolarity Builds Roads Around Them

Multipolarity isn't a new empire but a complex web of power dynamics where countries strive for developmental autonomy without severing ties to imperial centers. Though emerging institutions like BRICS and SCO offer alternatives, they reveal a deeper truth: political independence doesn't guarantee economic sovereignty. The geopolitical landscape is increasingly messy; states are interconnected yet vulnerable. For every summits attended and partnerships forged, underlying dependencies remain unchallenged. The real question isn’t where countries sit on a world map; it’s who controls resources and technology within their borders. True liberation from exploitation lies not in diplomatic participation but in addressing internal inequalities and class power.

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