Trump says you can be a communist or a patriot—but not both. This essay exposes the historical fraud buried inside that slogan. By reconstructing the nation through historical materialism, it shows that nationalism has never possessed a fixed political content. In oppressed nations, communists repeatedly became the truest patriots because the struggle for national liberation demanded the overthrow of colonialism, imperialism, and comprador rule. In imperialist nations, however, nationalism serves the opposite function: binding workers to the ruling class and its global system of domination. The real contradiction is not between communism and patriotism, but between imperial patriotism and the liberation of the people.