Utsa and Prabhat Patnaik’s groundbreaking analysis dismantles the myth that capitalism flourished independently within Europe, revealing a system intricately linked to colonial exploitation. They illustrate how colonialism not only financed European industrial growth but also perpetuated poverty and dependency in colonized nations. The authors articulate that capitalism's survival hinged on subjugating external economies. With the unraveling of colonial structures leading to depression and famine, they propose a radical rethinking of revolutionary potential through a worker-peasant alliance, emphasizing organized power as essential to dismantling capital's dominance. Ultimately, their work challenges the notion of capitalism's self-sufficiency, exposing its reliance on imperial mechanisms for survival.