The New York Times calls it “handling” when Venezuela has to ask Washington to release its own oil money. After U.S. forces kidnapped Nicolás Maduro and Cilia Flores, Washington used the threat of another attack to dictate payment terms and open Venezuela’s oilfields to favored firms. The money can come back while the power to... Continue Reading →
The Revolution Held Power. Who Held the Machine?: Lenin’s Battle to Make the State Serve Its Makers
On March 27, 1922, Lenin laid bare the haunting reality: the very Communists who seized power found themselves ensnared by its apparatus. This stark confession at the Eleventh Party Congress revealed a party entangled in bureaucratic paralysis while popular hunger and dissatisfaction grew. Lenin's urgent demand for practical economic leadership served as a clarion call to reconnect with the peasant workforce crucial for reconstruction. He confronted the failure to actualize revolutionary ideals, asserting that maintaining authority required genuine engagement with people’s needs. In essence, he challenged the Bolshevik leadership: Could they transform power into effectiveness before disillusionment turned into revolt? The stakes were sky-high, a failure to adapt would be their undoing.