In the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, Marx discovers a contradiction that will haunt the whole development of his critique of capitalism: workers build an expanding world of wealth, machinery, knowledge and social power that returns to rule them as capital. This review follows that insight from wages and estranged labour through private property, colonial history, slavery, money, communism, Hegel and revolutionary humanism. It argues that the manuscripts are neither immature philosophy nor finished Marxism, but a breakthrough under pressure—one already forcing “Man” into history and asking the question that still matters: who controls humanity’s accumulated powers?