John Horse and the Black Seminole War for Freedom

Long before emancipation was declared from Washington, enslaved Africans and Indigenous Seminoles built an armed republic in the Florida swamps. Their alliance waged the longest and most successful slave insurgency in U.S. history. The United States responded with invasion, removal, and counterrevolution. John Horse’s life exposes empire not as destiny, but as a structure contested... Continue Reading →

Harriet Tubman and the Science of Escape: Maroon Strategy, Labor Rebellion, and the Black Woman Who Turned Slavery Against Itself

Harriet Tubman did not merely flee bondage; she attacked the economic foundations of slavery by organizing collective escape, disrupting the immobilization of Black labor, and later striking directly at Confederate infrastructure in war. Emerging from a regime that depended on the total control of Black women’s bodies, she transformed from exploited worker into disciplined strategist,... Continue Reading →

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